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References (not complete - only for personal use)

Abbate, Janet 2000 Inventing the Internet , Cambridge , Massachusetts : The MIT Press

Adorno, T., (2001), The Culture Industry , London : Routledge

Adorno, T., and Horkheimer, M., (1997) Dialectic of Enlightenment, London : Verso

Anderson, B and Tracey, K. (2001) Digital living: the impact (or otherwise) of the Internet on everyday life , unpublished research report, Ipswich , Suffolk , Adstral Park : BTaxCT Research.

Anderson, B., McWilliam A., Lacohee, H., Clueas, E. and Gershunny, J. (1999) ‘Family life in the digital home: domestic telecommunication at the end of the twentieth century”, BT Technology Journal , 17 (1): 85–97

Anderson, C., 1995, ‘The accidental Superhighway', in The Economist , July 1, 1995 , U.S. Edition. The Economist Newspaper Ltd

Anderson, P. and Comiller, P. (eds) (1994) Mapping the West European Left , London : Verso.

Arendt, H., (1958), The Human Condition , Chicago : University of Chicago Press

Bachrach, P. and Baratz, M. S., 1970, Power and Poverty: Theory and Practice . New York : Oxford University Press

Baran, P., 1964, ‘On Distributed Communications Networks', originally published in IEEE Transactions on Communications Systems , CS–12, 1964, now available online through RAND Corp website at RM3420 (last time checked 10-06-2004 )

Baran, P., 1990, ‘ An Interview with Paul Baran' , conducted by Judy O'Neill, 5 March 1990, Menlo Park, CA, transcript OH 182, Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: http://www.cbi.umn.edu/. (Last time checked: 29/07/2004 )

Baran, P., 1999, ‘Wired Legends: Founding Father', interview conducted by Stewart Brand and published in Wired , Issue 9, 03, March, 2001. Wired Digital, Inc. Also available from the Wired Online Archive at baran_pr.html (last time checked: 22/05/2004 )

Benhabib, S, 1992, ‘Models of Public Space', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge : MIT Press

Benson, R., 2001, The Mediated Public Sphere: A model for Cross–National Research , Center for Culture, Organizations and Politics, University of California, Berkeley, Working Paper 2001 Series, in Berkeley

Berners, Lee T., 1990, Information Management: A Proposal , original proposal circulated at CERN to develop the World Wide Web, available online at the W3 Consortium Historical Section at www.w3.org/ (Last time checked: 28/07/2004)

Berners, Lee T., 1999, Weaving the web: the past present and future of the world wide web , London : Orion Business Books

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Bradbury, R., (1993), Fahrenheit 451 , London : Flamingo

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C. Calhoun (1997), ‘Plurality, Promises, and Public Spaces', in C. Calhoun and J. McGowan, eds, (1997) Hannah Arendt and The Meaning of Politics . Minneapolis , University of Minnesota Press

C. Calhoun and J. McGowan, eds, (1997) Hannah Arendt and The Meaning of Politics . Minneapolis , University of Minnesota Press

Calhoun, C., (1988) ‘Populist Politics, Communication Media and Large Scale Societal Integration', in Sociological Theory , 1988, Vol. 6, 2, 219–241

Calhoun, C., (1992a) ‘Introduction: Habermas and The Public Sphere', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge : MIT Press

Calhoun, C., (2002), Information Technology and the International Public Sphere , Paper presented to the International Sociological Association, Brisbane, Australia, July 11, 2002. Also available at http://www.ssrc.org/, last checked 02/02/2004 .

Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge : MIT Press

Castells, M. (1983), The City and The Grassroots , Berkeley : University of California Press.

Castells, M. (1996), The Rise of Network Society , Maine : Blackwell Publishers.

Castells, M. (1997), The Power of Identity , Maine : Blackwell Publishers.

Castells, M. (1998), The End of Millennium , Maine : Blackwell Publishers.

Castells, M. (2001), The Internet Galaxy , Oxford : Oxford University Press.

Castells, M., 2004, ‘The Internet and the Network Society' Series Editor's Preface to Wellman B. and Haythornthwaite C. (eds.), 2004, The Internet in Everyday Life , Oxford : Blackwell Publishing

Cerf, V. G., ‘An Interview with Vinton G. Cerf', conducted by Judy E. O'Neill, 24 April 1990, Reston, Virginia., transcript OH 191, Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: (Last time checked: 29/07/2004 )

Cerf, V. G., 2001, ‘Interview: Vinton Cerf, a father of the internet', Interviewed by Robert Jaques 22 nd April 2001, for vnunet.com , VNU Business Publications, available at www.vnunet.com(last time checked 20/06/2004 )

Cerf, V., (1999), The Internet is for everyone , speech given at Computers, Freedom, and Privacy on April 7, 1999 , also available at http://www.isoc.org, last checked 02/02/2004 .

Clegg, S. R., 1989, Frameworks of Power , London : Sage Publications

Communication from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, eEurope 2005: An information society for all . Action Plan adopted by the Seville European Council, 21/22 June 2002”, COM (2002) 263 final, 28 May 2002

Crocker, S., 1970, Documentation Conventions , RFC 30, February 1970. The RFC Database is available online at http://www.rfc-editor.org . (last time checked: 29/06/2004 )

Crocker, S., 1991 ‘An Interview with Stephen Crocker', conducted by Judy E. O'Neill, 24 October 1991 , Glenwood , Maryland . Transcript OH 233, Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis , Minnesota . The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: . (Last time checked: 29/07/2004 )

Dahl, R. A., 1961, Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City , New Haven , CT : Yale University Press.

Dahl, R. A., (1971), Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition , New Haven : Yale University Press

Dahl, R. A., (1976) Modern Political Analysis (3 rd Ed) , Prentice–Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey .

Dahl, R. A., (1989), Democracy and its Critics , New Haven: Yale University Press

Dahl, R. A., (1998), On Democracy , New Haven: Yale University Press

Dahlberg, L. (2001), ‘Extending the Public Sphere through Cyberspace: The Case of Minnesota E-Democracy' in First Monday , Vol. 6, n. 3. (March 2001) Website: http://firstmonday.org/

Davies, D. W., Barlett, K. A., Scantlebury, R. A., and Wilkinson, P. T., 1967, ‘A Digital Communication Network for Computers Giving Rapid Response at Remote Terminals', presented at the ACM Symposium on Operating System Principles , Gatlinburg, Tennessee, October 1967.

Davies, Donald W., 1966, Proposal for a Digital Communication Network. Memorandum , National Physical laboratory, June. In National Archive for the History of Computing

Delouze, G., 1988, Foucault , Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press

Duffy, J., 2001, How the Internet transformed from concept to colossus, from theory to ubiquity , Network World, 03/26/01 ( www.nwfusion.com ), retrieved from http://www.packet.cc (last time checked 20/06/2004)

Dutta, Soumitra and Augusto Lopez-Claros (eds), 2005, The Global Information Technology Report 2004-2005 , Palgrave MacMillan

Eco, U., (1986), ‘Towards a Semiological Guerrilla Warfare' in Eco, U., Faith in Fakes , Trans. William Weaver, London: Secker & Warburg – pp. 135–144

Eco, U., (1994), ‘Apocalyptic and Integrated Intellectuals: Mass Communication and Theories of Mass Culture', in Eco, U. (Edited by Robert Lumley), Apocalypse Postponed , Bloomington: Indiana University Press – pp.17–35

Ely, G., (1992), ‘Nations, Publics, and Political Cultures: Placing Habermas in the Nineteenth Century', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge: MIT Press

Fish, S., (1994) There is no such thing as free speech …and it is a good thing too , New York; Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fraser, N. (1992) ‘Rethinking the Public Sphere', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge: MIT Press

Michel Foucault, 1978, The History of Sexuality – an Introduction , Vol. 1, Harmondsworth: Penguin Books

Foucault, M., 1980, ‘Two Lectures', in Michel Foucault, 1980, Power/Knowledge , edited by Colin Gordon, New York: Random House, 1980

Foucault, M., 1986 [1976] ‘Disciplinary Power and Subjection', in Lukes, S., (ed.), 1986, Power , Oxford: Blackwell Publisher. pp. 233–234

Foucault, Michel 1987, ‘The Ethics of Care for the Self as a Practice of Freedom: an Interview with Michel Foucault on 20 January 1984', in K. Bernauer and D. Rasmussen (eds.), The Final Foucault , Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Foucault, Michel, 1988 [1978], ‘On Power', an Interview with Pierre Boncenne in Michel Foucault, 1988, Politics, Philosophy, Culture: interviews and other writings 1977–1984 . edited by Lawrence D. Kritzman. New York: Routledge

Foucault, M., 1991, [1978], ‘Governmentality' (lecture at the Collège de France, 1 February), in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller (eds) The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality , Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1991, pp. 87–104

Foucault, Michel, 1995, Discipline & Punish: The Birth of the Prison , translated from the French by Alan Sherida. NY: Vintage Books.

Gallie, W. B., 1956, ‘Essentially Contested Concepts' in Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 56 (n.s.), 1956: 167-98

Garnham, N., (1992), ‘The Media and The Public Sphere', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge: MIT Press

Gates, Bill, 1995, The Road Ahead , London: Viking.

Graafland-Essers, Irma and Ettedgui, Emile, 2003, Benchmarking e-Government in Europe and the US , Santa Monica: Rand. Available also at Rand's website: www.rand.org.

Grossman, L. (1995), The Electronic Republic: Reshaping Democracy in the Information Age , New York: Viking.

Guehenno, J. M. (1995), The End of The Nation–State , trans. Victoria Elliott, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press.

Habermas, J. (1974), ‘The Public Sphere: An Encyclopaedia Article', in New German Critique , Vol. 1, No. 3, Fall.

Habermas, J. (1989), The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere , trans. T. Burger, Cambridge, Polity Press, Basil Blackwell.

Habermas, J. (1992) ‘Further Reflections of the Public Sphere', trans. T. Burger, in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge: MIT Press: 421-461

Habermas, J., (1996), Between Facts and Norms , Cambridge: Polity Press

Hacking, I., 1986, ‘Making up People', in T. Heller, M. Sosna ad D. Wellbery (eds.), Reconstructing Individualism . Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press

Hafner, Katie and Lyon, Matthew, 1996, Where the Wizards Stay Up Late – The Origins of the Internet , New York: Simon & Schuster.

Hall, C., (1992), White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Femminism and History , Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992

Harris, T. C., Abene, P. V., Grindle, W. W., Henry, D. W., Morris, D. C., Parker, G. E., Mayersohn, J., 1982. ‘Development of the MILNET', in Proceedings of IEEE Electronics and Aerospace Systems Conference (EASCON). IEEE.

Heart, F., McKenzie, A., McQuillian, Walden, D., 1978, ARPANET Completion Report , - A History of The Arpanet The First Decade , Report 4799,4 th January 1978, Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc. A digitalized version of the original report is available online at the THINK Protocols Digital Archive webpage: (Last time checked: 22/06/2004 )

Held, D., (1996), Models of Democracy , Cambridge, Polity Press, Basil Blackwell.

Hill, C., (1975), The World Turned Upside Down , Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Hohendahl, P., (1979), ‘Critical Theory, Public Sphere, and Culture: Jürgen Habermas and His Critics', in New German Critique , 16.

Joss, S., ‘Toward the Public Sphere – Reflections on the Development of Participatory technology Assessment', in Bulletin of Science, technology & Society , Vol. 22, No. 3, June 2002, 220–231

Kahn, R. and Cerf, V., 1999, What Is The Internet (And What Makes It Work) December, 1999 retrieved from http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/ (last time checked 24/06/2004)

Kahn, R. and Kellner, D., 2003, ‘Internet Subcultures and Oppositional Politics', in Muggleton, D., (ed.), The Post Subcultures Reader , London: Berg.

Kahn, R. E., 1990, ‘An Interview with Robert E. Khan', conducted by Judy O'Neill, Reston, Virginia, 24 th of April. T ranscript OH 192, Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: http://www.cbi.umn.edu/. (Last time checked: 29/07/2004)

Kant, I. (1970), “On the Common Saying: ‘This May be True in Theory, but it Does not Apply in Practice,'” Kant's Political Writings , ed. Hans Reiss, trans. H. B. Nisbet, Cambridge, England

Kantorowicz, E. H., (1957), The King's Two Bodies: A Study in Mediaeval Political Theology , Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Keane, J. (1991), Media and Democracy , Cambridge: Polity Press, Basil Blackwell.

Keane, J. (1993), Nations, Nationalism, and the European Citizen , CSD Perspective, London: University of Westminster Press.

Keane, J. (1995), ‘Structural Transformations of the Public Sphere', in Communication Review , Vol. 1(1), pp. 1–22, OPA.

Keane, J. (1998b), ‘Despotism and Democracy', in Keane, J., ed, (1998a) Civil Society and the State, New European Perspective , London: University of Westminster Press

Keane, J., (1998) Democracy and Civil Society , London: University of Westminster Press.

Keane, J., 2003, Global Civil Society? , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Keane, J., ed., (1998a) Civil Society and the State, New European Perspective , London: University of Westminster Press.

Kellner, D., (1990) Television and the Crisis of Democracy ¸ Boulder, Westview Press.

Kellner, D., (1997), Techno–politics, New technologies, and the New Public Sphere , available at kellner.html

Kellner, D., (2000), ‘Habermas, the public sphere, and Democracy: a Critical Intervention', in Hahn, L., ed., (2000) Perspectives on Habermas , Open Court Press

Kellner, D., (2003), The Media and The Crisis of Democracy in the Age of Bush–2 , available at kellner.html

Kleinrock, L., 1961, ‘Information Flow in Large Communication Nets', RLE Quarterly Progress Report , July, 1961. [missing online or publisher: check it out]

Kleinrock, L., 1964, Communication Nets: Stochastic Message Flow and Delay , New York: McGraw–Hill.

Kleinrock, L., 1990, ‘An Interview with Leonard Kleinrock', conducted by Judy O'Neill, Los Angeles, CA, 3 April 1990. Transcript OH 190, Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: http://www.cbi.umn.edu/(Last time checked: 29/07/2004)

Kleinrock, L., 1997, ‘Len Kleinrock on the Origins of the Internet: "This is login"', in IEEE Internet Computing Online , March-April 1997, Vol. 1, No. 2. http://www.computer.org/internet/index.shtml

Kleinrock, L., N.D., The Day the Infant Internet Uttered its First Words , retrieved from Leonard Kleinrock's homepage first_words.html . (Last time checked: 29/06/2004)

Kollock, P. and Smith, M. A., (1999) ‘Communities in Cyberspace', in M.A. Smith and P. Kollock, (Eds.) Communities in Cyberspace , 1999, London: Routledge

Kuzmics, H., (1998), ‘The Civilizing Process', in Keane, J., ed., (1998a) Civil Society and the State, New European Perspective , London: University of Westminster Press.

Information Society Directorate-General of the European Commission, 2003, Towards an Information Society for All , Bruxelles: European Communities. – Document available from EU Information Society Portal: htt://europa.eu.int/information_society/ (Last time checked: March, 2005)

Landes, J., (1988), Women and the Public Sphere in the Age of the French Revolution , Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press.

Leiner, Barry M., Vinton G. Cerf, David D. Clark, Robert E. Kahn, Leonard Kleinrock, Daniel C. Lynch, Jon Postel, Larry G. Roberts, Stephen Wolff, (1997), A Brief History of the Internet , available at: brief.shtml . Last time checked: 24/06/2004

Licklider, J.C.R., 1963, Memorandum for Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network , April 23, 1963. Retrieve from memo.html (Last time checked 01/06/2004)

Licklider, J.C.R., 1990 (1960), ‘Man-Computer Symbiosis', IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics , vol. HFE-1, March 1960, pp 4-11. Reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider 1915–1990 , Digital Equipment Corporation System Research Center, 7 August 1990, available at licklider.pdf (last time checked 01/06/2004)

Licklider, J.C.R., and Taylor, Robert W., 1990 (1968), ‘The Computer as Communication Device', Science and Technology , April, 1968 . Reprinted in In Memoriam: J.C.R. Licklider 1915–1990 , Digital Equipment Corporation System Research Center, 7 August 1990, at licklider.pdf (last time checked 01/06/2004)

Lippman, W., 1993, The Phantom Public , New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction Publishers.

Lovink, G., and Riemens, P., (1998), ‘The monkey's tail: the Amsterdam Digital City three and a half years later', in R. Wolff et al . (eds.), Possible Urban Worlds: Urban Strategies at the End of the Twentieth century , Proceedings of the Seventh Conference of the International Network for Urban Research and Action (INURA). Basel and Boston: Birkhaeuser.

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Lukes, S. (ed.), 1986, Power , Oxford: Blackwell Publisher

Lukes, Steven, 2005 [1977], Power a Radical View – 2nd Edition , New York: Palgrave Macmillan

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Marcuse, H., [1964] 1991, One Dimensional Man ¸ London: Routledge: XLI

Margetts, H., 2003, Electronic Government: Method or Madness? , an inaugural lecture given at the School of Public Policy University College of London on 13th February 2003, the text of this lecture is available at http://www.ucl.ac.uk/spp/publications/#sppwp (last time checked, Feb. 2005)

Margolis, Michael and Resnick, David, 2000, Politics as Usual – the Cyberspace Revolution , London: Sage Publications.

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McLuhan, M., (1965), The Gutenberg Galaxy: the Making of Typographic Man , Toronto: University of Toronto.

Meeker, M. (1996), The Internet Advertising Report , London: Harper Collins.

Moran, Nuala, 2004, ‘Why it pays to get it back to the front', Financial Times , 4 th February 2004.

More, T., (1997), Utopia , Cambridge, MA: Wordsworth Classic.

Morriss, P., 2002, Power – A philosophical analysis , New York: Palgrave MacMillan

Mouffe, C., (1995), ‘The end of politics and the rise of the radical right', Dissent , Fall: 488.

Mouffe, C., (2000), ‘Deliberative Democracy or Agonistic Pluralism', in Reihe Politikwissenschaft / Political Science Series , N. 72, December, 2000, Vienna, Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS). Electronic Version of this paper is available at IHS webpage (last time checked: June, 2005)

National Audit Office, 2002, Government of the Web II , London: The Stationery Office.

Naughton, John, 1999, A Brief History of the Future – The Origins of the Internet , London: Weinfeld & Nicolson.

Negt, O. and Kluge, A., (1993), Public Sphere and Experience: Toward an Analysis of the Bourgeois and Proletarian Public Sphere , trans. Peter Labanyi et al, (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,

Nelson, T., 1974, Computer Lib / Dream Machines ; Sausalito, California: Mindful Press

Nelson, T. 1993, Literary Machines . Sausalito, California: Mindful Press

Nielsen//NetRatings, 2003, How the internet has changed our lives , in http://www.nielsen-netratings.com.

Nielsen//NetRatings, 2004, Online Consumers Spent $18.5 Billion During 2003 Holiday Season , in see 040105_us.pdf

Norberg, A. L. and O'Neill J. E., 1996, Transforming Computer Technology: Information Processing for the Pentagon, 1962–1986 , John Hopking University Press.

Norris, Pippa, 2003, Digital Divide – Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Norris, Pippa, 2003a, ‘Deepening Democracy via E-Governance', contribution to the United Nations, 2003, World Public Sector Report 2003: E-Government at the Crossroads , New York: United Nations Publications. The text of this chapter is available at Professor Norris's official website http://ksghome.harvard.edu/~pnorris.shorenstein.ksg/acrobat/e-governance.pdf (last time checked: March 2005)

OECD, 2003, ‘The e-Government Imperative: main Findings', Policy Brief in OECD Observer , March 2003. Available at OECD Website: www.oecd.org/pol_brief/ (last time checked: march 2005).

OECD, 2003a, The E-Government Imperative , OECD E-Government Studies, July 2003, vol. 2003, no. 15. OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Office of the Vice President, 1993, ‘Reengineering Through IT', September, National Performance Review Report . Available at: http://www.npr.gov/library/reports/it.html . Last time checked: Feb., 2005

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Pardo, T. A., 2000, ‘Realizing the Promise of Digital Government: It's More than Building a Web Site', Information Impact , October, 2000. also in http://www.cisp.org/imp. (Last time Checked: Feb., 2005)

Polsby, N. W., 1963, Community Power and Political Theory , 2 nd Edition, 1980. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press

Poster, M., 1995, The Second Media Age , Cambridge: Polity Press.

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Reinder, R., (2001) The Rise and Fall of DDS, evaluating the ambitions of Amsterdam's Digital City , Doctoral Thesis in The Communication Science at the University of Amsterdam, also available at http://reinder.rustema.nl/dds/, last checked 02/02/2004

RFC Editor et al ., 1999, 30 Years of RFCs , RFC 2555, April 1999. The Internet Society, The RFC Database is available online at http://www.rfc-editor.org . (last time checked: 29/06/2004)

Rheingold, H., (2000), The Virtual Community: Homesteading on the Electronic Frontier , Cambridge: MIT Press.

Roberts, L. G., 1989, An Interview with Lawrence G. Roberts , Conducted by Arthur L. Norberg on 4 April 1989 San Mateo, CA T ranscript OH 159 , Oral Histories Collection , Charles Babbage Institute, Centre for the History of Information Processing, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. The Transcripts of the CBI's Oral Histories Collection are available online at the CBI website: http://www.cbi.umn.edu. (Last time checked: 29/07/2004)

Roberts, L. G., 1999, ‘Laying the foundation', a presentation delivered as part of the ‘The Technical History of the Internet' tutorial, during the ACM SIGCOMM'99, the annual conference of the Special Interest Group on Data Communication (SIGCOMM), Boston, 31 st of August, 1999.

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Rosanvallon, P., (1998), Le peuple introuvable: Histoire de la représentation démocratique en France , Paris: Gallimard.

Rousseau, J. J. (1998), The Social Contract , Wordsworth Classic.

Ryan, M. P., (1990), Women in Public: Between Banners and Ballots, 1825–1880 , Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.

Ryan, M. P., (1992), ‘Gender and Public Access: Women's Politics in Nineteenth Century America', in Calhoun, C., ed., (1992) Habermas and the Public Sphere , Cambridge: MIT Press

Sabelli, N., (2001) ‘The Goals behind the Rhetoric: Why We Don't Always Talk about Technology When We Talk about Technology in Education' in iMP Information Impacts Magazine , June 22, 2001, available at: http://www.cisp.org/imp/june_2001/06_01sabelli.htm

Saramago, J., (1999), The Tale of the Unknown Island , London: The Harvill Press.

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Schudson, M., 1999, The Good Citizen: a history of American Civic Life , Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

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Thompson, E. P., (1968), The Making of the English Working Class , Harmondsworth: Penguin

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Tracey, K. and Anderson, B., (2001) ‘The significance of lifestage and lifestyle transitions in the use and disuse of the Internet applications and services', American Behavioral Scientist , 45 (special issue on the Internet and everyday life.)

UCLA Internet Report, (2003), Surveying the Digital Future Year Three , UCLA Center for Communication Policy, available at www.ccp.ucla.edu

UCLA, (2004), Findings from the first UCLA World Internet Report , UCLA Center for Communication Policy, press release January 14, 2004, available at www.ccp.ucla.edu

United Nations, 2002, Benchmarking E-government: A Global Perspective – Assessing the progress of United Nations States , New York: United Nations Press. A report by Division for Public Economics and Public Administration American Society for Public Administration, also available online at: http://www.unpan.org. (Last time checked: Feb. 2005)

United Nations, 2003, World Public Sector Report 2003: E-Government at the Crossroads , New York: United Nations Publications.

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Van den Besselaar, P., (2001), ‘E–community versus e–commerce: the rise and decline of Amsterdam Digital City', in AI and Society: The Journal of Human–centered System and Machine Intelligence, 1.

Vandenberg, A., (2000) ‘Cybercitizenship and Digital Democracy' in Vandenberg, A. (ed) (2000), Citizenship and Democracy in a Global Era , London: Macmillan Press LTD.

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Wellman, B., 2001, ‘Physical Place and Cyberplace: The Rise of Personalized Networking' in The International Journal of Urban and Regional Research , 25:2 (June 2001): 227-252. Special Issue on "Networks, Class and Place," edited by Talja Blokland and Mike Savage. The text is also available at Barry Wellman's official website. Last time checked: Nov. 2004.

Wellm an, B., 2004, Living Networked in a Wired World , available at Barry Wellman's official website. Last time checked: Nov. 2004. (CHECK AGAIN FOR FULL REF.)

Wellman B. and Haythornthwaite C. (eds.), 2004, The Internet in Everyday Life , Oxford: Blackwell Publishing

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Wiggershaus, R. (1996), The Frankfurt School , Cambridge: MIT Press.

Wilhelm, A. G., (2001a) Democracy in the Digital Age: Challenges to Political Life in Cyberspace . New York: Routledge.

Witschge, T., (2002), Online Deliberation: Possibilities of the Internet for Deliberative Democracy , Paper submitterd to Euricom Colloquium Electronic Networks & Democratic Engagement, October 2002, and also presented at the conference ‘Prospects for Electronic Democracy at Community Connections, H.J. Heinz III School of Public Policy and Management, Carnegie Mellon University.

World Economic Forum, 2005, Singapore overtakes the United States in the World Economic Forum's Global Information Technology Report – World Economic Forum Press release, 9 March 2005 - Geneva, Switzerland – available at the WEF website (last time checked March 2005) http://www.weforum.org/

World Economic Forum, 2005a, Global Information Technology Report: Interview with Chief Economist and Director of the Global Competitiveness Programme, Augusto Lopez-Claros . Published at the World Economic Forum website: http://www.weforum.org/(Last time checked: March 2005)

 

 

 

 

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